大型臥式加工心，是具有高性能、高剛性和高精度的機(jī)電一體的加工設(shè)備，是加工各類高精度傳動(dòng)箱體零件及其他大型模具的理想加工設(shè)備。它的三個(gè)坐標(biāo)方向均采用伺服電機(jī)帶動(dòng)滾動(dòng)絲杠傳動(dòng)，三個(gè)坐標(biāo)方向，即X、Y、Z的工作行程較大。由于滾珠絲杠副的結(jié)構(gòu)特點(diǎn)，使主機(jī)上三個(gè)方向的滾珠絲杠副的安裝變得特別關(guān)鍵。

Large horizontal machining center is an electromechanical processing equipment with high performance, high rigidity and high precision. It is an ideal processing equipment for processing all kinds of high-precision transmission box parts and other large molds. Its three coordinate directions adopt servo motor to drive the rolling lead screw transmission, and the working stroke of the three coordinate directions, namely x, y and Z, is large. Due to the structural characteristics of the ball screw pair, the installation of the ball screw pair in three directions on the host becomes particularly critical.

一、用舊方法安裝滾珠絲杠副存在缺陷：

1、 There are defects in installing the ball screw pair with the old method:

1、按照傳統(tǒng)的工藝方法，安裝滾珠絲杠副一直沿用芯棒和定位套將兩端支承軸承座及中間絲母座連接在一起校正、用百分表將芯棒軸線與機(jī)床導(dǎo)軌找正平行并令芯棒傳動(dòng)自如輕快的方法。這種安裝方法在三個(gè)坐標(biāo)方向行程較小的小型數(shù)控機(jī)床和加工上應(yīng)用較方便。由于芯棒與定位套、定位套與兩端支承的軸承孔以及中間的絲母座孔存在著配合間隙，往往使安裝后的支承軸承孔和絲母座孔的同軸度誤差較大，造成絲杠繞度大、徑向偏置載荷增加、引起絲杠軸系各環(huán)節(jié)的溫度升高、熱變形變大和傳動(dòng)扭矩大等一系列嚴(yán)重后果，導(dǎo)致伺服電機(jī)超載、過(guò)熱，伺服系統(tǒng)報(bào)警，影響機(jī)床的正常運(yùn)行。另外，兩端軸承孔與中間絲母座孔的實(shí)際差值無(wú)法準(zhǔn)確測(cè)量，從而影響進(jìn)一步的整。對(duì)于三個(gè)坐標(biāo)方向行程較大的數(shù)控機(jī)床和加工中，由于所需芯棒多在1500mm以上，加工困難，不易保證精度，因此無(wú)法采用芯棒與定位套配合的找正方法進(jìn)行滾珠絲杠副的安裝。

1. According to the traditional process method, the installation of the ball screw pair has been using the method of connecting the supporting bearing seats at both ends and the intermediate screw mother seat with the mandrel and positioning sleeve, correcting, aligning and paralleling the mandrel axis with the machine tool guide rail with a dial indicator, and making the mandrel drive freely and easily. This installation method is convenient for small CNC machine tools and machining with small stroke in three coordinate directions. Due to the matching clearance between the mandrel and the positioning sleeve, the positioning sleeve and the bearing holes supported at both ends and the middle screw seat hole, the coaxiality error between the installed support bearing hole and the screw seat hole is often large, resulting in a series of serious consequences such as large lead screw winding, increased radial offset load, increased temperature of all links of the lead screw shaft system, increased thermal deformation and large transmission torque, resulting in overload and overheating of the servo motor, The servo system alarms, affecting the normal operation of the machine tool. In addition, the actual difference between the bearing holes at both ends and the mother seat hole of the middle wire cannot be accurately measured, which affects further adjustment. For CNC machine tools with large stroke in three coordinate directions and processing, because the required mandrel is more than 1500mm, it is difficult to process and it is not easy to ensure the accuracy, so the alignment method of mandrel and positioning sleeve can not be used for the installation of ball screw pair.

在生產(chǎn)某型臥式加工時(shí)，由于機(jī)床的三個(gè)坐標(biāo)行程較大，采用傳統(tǒng)工藝方法安裝的過(guò)程中，由于兩端軸承孔與中間絲母座孔同軸度超差，造成滾珠絲杠徑向和偏置載荷增加，經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)伺服電機(jī)超載、過(guò)熱，伺服系統(tǒng)報(bào)警等現(xiàn)象，使機(jī)床無(wú)法連續(xù)運(yùn)行，同時(shí)嚴(yán)重影響滾珠絲杠副的使用壽命和傳動(dòng)精度，縮短了主機(jī)的維修周期。

In the production of a certain type of horizontal machining, due to the large travel of the three coordinates of the machine tool, during the installation process using the traditional process method, the coaxiality of the bearing holes at both ends and the middle thread mother seat hole is out of tolerance, resulting in the increase of the radial and offset load of the ball screw, and the phenomena of overload and overheating of the servo motor and alarm of the servo system often occur, which makes the machine tool unable to operate continuously, and seriously affects the service life and transmission accuracy of the ball screw pair, The maintenance cycle of the host is shortened.

2、利用其他裝配方法，如采用移動(dòng)滑鞍，縮短絲母座與軸承座的距離，將絲母座與兩端軸承座分別找正的方法，由于需要兩段分別找正，加上檢棒和檢套的配合間隙，實(shí)際應(yīng)用效果也不理想，同樣存在上述問(wèn)題。

2. Using other assembly methods, such as moving the sliding saddle, shortening the distance between the screw nut seat and the bearing seat, and aligning the screw nut seat and the bearing seat at both ends respectively, due to the need for two sections to be aligned respectively, plus the matching gap between the inspection rod and the inspection sleeve, the actual application effect is not ideal, and the above problems also exist.

二、新的裝配工藝方法：

2、 New assembly process method:

通過(guò)對(duì)該產(chǎn)品的現(xiàn)場(chǎng)技術(shù)攻關(guān)，經(jīng)過(guò)多次反復(fù)的摸索與生產(chǎn)驗(yàn)證，總結(jié)出一條比較可靠的裝配工藝方法。

Through the on-site technical research of this product, after repeated exploration and production verification, a relatively reliable assembly process method is summarized.

1、，采用整體式專用芯棒將絲母座孔校正，使其與基準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)軌的正、側(cè)向平行度在0.01/1000以內(nèi)；

1. First, use an integral special mandrel to correct the hole of the screw nut seat, so that its positive and lateral parallelism with the reference guide rail is within 0.01/1000;

2、把絲母座固定后，采用測(cè)量夾具實(shí)際測(cè)量出絲母座孔距基準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)軌的正、側(cè)向距離；然后，同樣采用整體式專用檢棒將軸承孔與基準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)軌的正、側(cè)向平行度找正在0.01/1000以內(nèi)，采用專用測(cè)量夾具實(shí)際測(cè)量出軸承孔距基準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)軌的正、側(cè)向距離，要求絲母孔與基準(zhǔn)導(dǎo)軌正、側(cè)向距離一致，允差為0.01；將軸承座固定。這種方法采用整體式專用檢棒，不僅長(zhǎng)度短小，而且將芯棒和定位套合二為一，了芯棒與定位套之間的配合間隙，可靠保證了軸承孔、絲母座孔與導(dǎo)軌的平行度；

2. After fixing the screw nut seat, use professional measuring fixture to actually measure the positive and lateral distance between the screw nut seat hole and the reference guide rail; Then, also use the integrated special inspection rod to align the positive and lateral parallelism between the bearing hole and the reference guide rail within 0.01/1000, and use the special measuring fixture to actually measure the positive and lateral distances between the bearing hole and the reference guide rail. It is required that the positive and lateral distances between the screw mother hole and the reference guide rail are consistent, and the tolerance is 0.01; Fix the bearing seat. This method adopts an integral special inspection rod, which is not only short in length, but also combines the mandrel and the positioning sleeve into one, eliminating the fit gap between the mandrel and the positioning sleeve, and reliably ensuring the parallelism of the bearing hole, the thread mother seat hole and the guide rail;

3、通過(guò)實(shí)際距離的測(cè)量，使兩端軸承支承孔與絲母座孔的同軸度也得到了可靠的保證，這樣就降低了滾珠絲杠副的繞度和徑向偏置載荷，提高了絲杠副的安裝精度。

3. Through the measurement of the actual distance, the coaxiality of the bearing support holes at both ends and the screw base holes is also reliably guaranteed, which reduces the winding and radial offset load of the ball screw pair and improves the installation accuracy of the screw pair.

4、另外，在安裝滾珠絲杠的過(guò)程中，嚴(yán)格控制滾珠絲杠的軸向竄動(dòng)量，此項(xiàng)技術(shù)指標(biāo)將直接影響滾珠絲杠進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的傳動(dòng)位置精度。根據(jù)現(xiàn)場(chǎng)實(shí)際驗(yàn)證表明：，要將安裝伺服電機(jī)端的軸承座內(nèi)的軸承裝配好，其在滾動(dòng)絲杠傳動(dòng)過(guò)程中起主要作用，將滾珠絲杠的軸向竄動(dòng)量控制在0.015~0.02之間；然后，再將另一端軸承座內(nèi)的軸承裝配好，使軸向竄動(dòng)量控制在0.01以內(nèi)。這樣就能有效保證滾珠絲杠進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的剛度和精度。

4. In addition, in the process of installing the ball screw, the axial displacement of the ball screw is strictly controlled. This technical index will directly affect the transmission position accuracy of the ball screw feed system. According to the actual verification on site, it is shown that: first, the bearing in the bearing seat installed at the servo motor end should be assembled well, which plays a major role in the transmission process of the rolling screw, and the axial displacement of the ball screw should be controlled between 0.015~0.02; Then, assemble the bearing in the bearing seat at the other end to control the axial displacement within 0.01. This can effectively ensure the stiffness and accuracy of the ball screw feed system.

5、滾珠絲杠軸的預(yù)拉伸也是非常必要的。為了提高滾珠絲杠進(jìn)給系統(tǒng)的剛度和精度，給絲杠軸實(shí)施預(yù)拉伸是非常有效的，但由于絲杠軸的各斷面不同，而溫升又不易精設(shè)定，所以按有關(guān)文獻(xiàn)計(jì)算得出的預(yù)拉力只能作為參考量。在生產(chǎn)中常常是把具有負(fù)值方向的目標(biāo)值的絲杠軸進(jìn)行預(yù)拉伸，使機(jī)床工作臺(tái)的定位精度曲線的走向接近水平。

5. Pre stretching of ball screw shaft is also very necessary. In order to improve the stiffness and accuracy of the ball screw feed system, it is very effective to pre stretch the screw shaft. However, due to the different sections of the screw shaft, and the temperature rise is not easy to be accurately set, the pre tension calculated according to the relevant literature can only be used as a reference. In production, the lead screw shaft with the target value in the negative direction is often pre stretched, so that the orientation of the positioning accuracy curve of the machine tool workbench is close to the horizontal.

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