估計大家都踩過坑，各式各樣的坑，意想不到的坑，花樣百出，有的是自己的錯誤造成，有的時候是不嚴謹的行為造成。今天羅列一下這些坑~

　　It is estimated that everyone has stepped into various pitfalls, unexpected pitfalls, and various patterns. Some are caused by their own mistakes, while others are caused by careless behavior. List these pitfalls today~

　　尺寸問題

　　Size issue

　　這個問題應該出現的是多的。標準件的安裝尺寸很關鍵。比如導軌的孔距，沒有標明孔與端面的距離，終導買回來少了一個安裝孔，這個在下單的時候應該標明一下E1=E2=多少。這樣廠家在切割導軌的時候知道切多長。雙比如滑塊孔距不對，主要原因還是換過導軌型號，終導軌在更新時候沒有改過來。

　　This problem should occur the most frequently. The installation dimensions of standard components are crucial. For example, the distance between the holes of the guide rail and the end face is not indicated, resulting in a missing installation hole when the guide is purchased. When placing an order, it should be indicated how much E1=E2=. This way, the manufacturer knows how long to cut when cutting the guide rail. For example, the distance between the slider holes is incorrect. The main reason is that the guide rail model was changed, but the guide rail was not updated in the end.

　　某些標準件更換后一定要核對對安裝尺寸，有些廠家就是另類獨行，將其中基個尺寸做成與其它普通的不一樣，比如電機法半比別人差1mm，螺紋安裝孔別人M5，他做了M4。定位銷常規是3，他做成2.5。這種情況也不能責怪別人。只能在設計初期認真核對。

　　After changing the brand of certain standard parts, it is necessary to check the installation dimensions. Some manufacturers are unconventional and make the basic dimensions different from other ordinary ones, such as the motor half being 1mm worse than others, and the threaded installation hole being M5, he made M4. The positioning pin is usually 3, he made 2.5. This situation cannot be blamed on others either. Can only be carefully checked in the early stages of design.

　　螺紋孔大小與定位銷大小問題

　　The issue of thread hole size and positioning pin size

　　根據零件結構來確認螺紋孔大小，螺紋孔的規格盡量做到統一，盡量不要搞多種型號。定位銷尺寸也是一這樣。經常拆裝的螺絲要盡量搞大一些，定位若是條件允許可以用大頭定位銷。

　　Confirm the size of threaded holes based on the structure of the parts, and try to achieve uniform specifications for threaded holes, avoiding multiple models as much as possible. The positioning pin size is also the same. Screws that are frequently disassembled should be made as large as possible, and if conditions permit, large head positioning pins can be used for positioning.

　　螺絲緊固

　　screw fastening

　　這個也是一個普遍問題。螺絲的擰緊需要達到固定的扭矩，但是很多時候我們沒有按照這個標準來。因為我們不能你汽車裝配那種思維去擰緊螺絲。很多時候都靠手感。設備中也常出來聯軸器螺絲沒有擰緊，電機轉的圈數與絲杠移動的距離不對。花一個星期排查電機問題、驅動器問題、程序等等問題，卻沒有檢查螺絲是否擰緊。一般的標準件，很難有質量問題。若真是讓你碰到了，只能自認倒霉。

　　This is also a common issue. The tightening of screws requires a fixed torque, but often we do not follow this standard. Because we cannot use the mindset of car assembly to tighten screws. Many times it depends on the feel. The coupling screws are often not tightened in the equipment, and the number of turns the motor rotates does not match the distance the screw moves. Spending a week troubleshooting motor, driver, program, and other issues without checking if the screws are tightened. Ordinary standard parts are difficult to have quality issues. If it really happens to you, you can only accept your misfortune.

　　經常旋轉和振動的部位，可以考慮用中等強度螺紋膠，或者是耐落膠。這些東西幫助性非常大，可以減少很多麻煩。拆卸的時候可以配合熱風槍。同進這種場合若是擔心位置移動，可需要配合定位銷過盈配合來定位。

　　For parts that frequently rotate and vibrate, medium strength thread glue or anti drop glue can be considered. These things are very helpful and can reduce a lot of trouble. When disassembling, it can be combined with a hot air gun. If you are concerned about position movement in such situations, you may need to cooperate with the interference fit of the positioning pin to locate it.

　　導軌絲杠卡死問題

　　The problem of the guide screw getting stuck

　　導軌絲杠本來就是一個高精度傳感的標準件，相關的零件并不是隨便加工一下，隨便給個公差就行，要嚴格按照相關的技術要求來設計。有可能剛開始安裝后，用著沒問題，然后就認為沒問題。發現過個半年出問題，間隙大，磨損嚴重、精度不夠。然后就想當然的認為以前可以，為什么現在不行。

　　The guide screw is originally a high-precision sensing standard component, and the related parts cannot be machined randomly or given a tolerance. They must be designed strictly according to the relevant technical requirements. It is possible that at the beginning of installation, there is no problem with using it, and then it is assumed that there is no problem. Finally, it was discovered that there were problems after six months, with large gaps, severe wear, and insufficient accuracy. Then I assumed it was possible before, why not now.

　　零件加工問題

　　Parts processing issues

　　這是一個老大難的問題，并不是加工商做不好，而且他們做零件沒有認真。并且設計人員也沒有針對性的說明哪些尺寸重要，哪些不重要，雖然在圖紙上標出來，但是很多加工的人并不會全部按照圖紙上面來。因為全部按照上面來，會遠高于加工的報價。所以導致你忽悠我，我忽悠你。設計人員還是要多與加工商溝通，這樣才能做到雙贏。有條件的設備商可以自己成立加工部門，不外發零件。

　　This is a long-standing problem, it's not that the manufacturers can't do it well, and they don't take the parts seriously. And the designers did not provide targeted instructions on which dimensions are important and which are not. Although they are marked on the drawings, many workers do not follow all of them. Because if everything is based on the above, the price will be much higher than the quoted price for processing. So it caused you to deceive me, and I deceived you. Designers still need to communicate more with manufacturers in order to achieve a win-win situation. Equipment suppliers with conditions can establish their own processing departments and not outsource parts.

　　電氣與機械標準件

　　Electrical and Mechanical Standard Parts

　　有些標準件需要機械與電氣一起選型確定。這個時候需要溝通清楚，安裝尺寸，通信方式，如何走線。實物到了后馬上測試看是否有問題。相信大家也碰到過，直到安裝的時候才發現東西有問題，這個時候發現東西買會來了好長時間，退貨換貨也不方便。特別是帶有部分定制功能的標準件。

　　Some standard components require mechanical and electrical selection to be determined together. At this point, it is necessary to communicate clearly about installation dimensions, communication methods, and how to route the wires. Test immediately upon arrival to see if there are any issues. I believe everyone has encountered it before, only realizing that there is a problem with the item during installation. At this time, it is found that the item has been purchased for a long time, and it is inconvenient to return or exchange it. Especially standard parts with partial customization functions.

　　電氣接線及氣動標號定義

　　Definition of electrical wiring and pneumatic numbering

　　這個以前接過線，深有體會，有些公司接線是一種顏色走天下，線號就按123標識，沒有前綴沒有后綴。其實有時候，我們可以在前面加一些修飾。XYZ軸，同時配上正負箭頭，相應的驅動器也配上標識一一對應。這樣找問題直觀快速。

　　I have experienced this before when I took over the wires. Some companies use a single color for wiring, and the wire numbers are labeled as 123 without any prefix or suffix. Actually, sometimes we can add some embellishments at the beginning. The XYZ axis is equipped with positive and negative arrows, and the corresponding drivers are also labeled one-to-one. This way, finding problems is intuitive and fast.

　　氣管進出也應該按顏色分開，同時標上伸出、縮回、松開等標識。電磁閥、真空發生器等上面的標識都需要標清楚。這些并不是需要等到設備調好后再去做這個工作。萬一調試過程中，負責的人突然有事，需要換另一個人接手，那這個接手工作的人又要從頭摸清設備，費力費時。

　　The inlet and outlet of the trachea should also be separated by color and marked with indicators such as extension, retraction, and release. The markings on solenoid valves, vacuum generators, etc. need to be clearly marked. These do not need to wait until the equipment is adjusted before doing this job. If during the debugging process, the person in charge suddenly has something to do and needs to be replaced by another person, then the person who takes over the work will have to figure out the equipment from scratch, which is laborious and time-consuming.

　　如何避免這些問題？我們可以將這些碰到的問題寫到紙上，寫上常見問題記錄。檢查的時候一條一條的過，這樣就會少出錯誤，若是靠腦子記，很容易忘記。

　　How to avoid these problems? We can write down these encountered problems on paper and record common issues. When checking, go through each one one one by one, which will reduce errors. If you rely on your brain to remember, it is easy to forget.

　　這次就寫這些東西吧，若是大家想聊什么話題可以留言，專門針對想聊的話題展開討論。有時候不知道寫些什么東西，也不知道大家喜歡看些什么。

　　Let's write these things this time. If you want to talk about any topics, you can leave a message and discuss them specifically. Sometimes I don't know what to write or what people like to read.

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