絲杠導軌為核心傳動部件，直接影響設備精度和穩定性

　　The screw guide rail is the core transmission component, which directly affects the accuracy and stability of the equipment

　　滾珠絲杠是將旋轉運動轉換成線性運動的理想傳動裝置，主要由絲杠軸、螺母、滾 珠以及循環部件組成。絲杠軸、螺母和端蓋 (一類滾珠循環部件，此處以“端蓋式循環” 為例解釋滾珠絲杠傳動原理) 上都制有圓弧形螺旋槽，將它們套裝在一起時，這些槽對 合起來就形成了螺旋通道，滾珠能夠在通道內循環滾動。當絲杠相對于螺母旋轉時，滾 珠在滾道內自轉，同時又在封閉的滾道內循環運動，使絲杠和螺母相對產生軸向運動。 滾珠絲杠主要可分為內循環和外循環兩大類，外循環中又可再分為端部導流、管循 環和端蓋式。外循環式滾珠絲杠運動時，部分滾珠與絲杠不接觸，其優點為工藝簡單且 易于制造，而缺點為效率較低；內循環式滾珠絲杠運動時，滾珠始終與絲杠接觸，適用 于高速高敏高剛度場景，但缺點為加工困難。

　　Ball screw is an ideal transmission device that converts rotational motion into linear motion, mainly composed of a screw shaft, nut, ball, and circulating components. The screw shaft, nut, and end cap (a type of ball screw circulation component, here taking the "end cap circulation" as an example to explain the principle of ball screw transmission) are all made with circular arc-shaped spiral grooves. When they are fitted together, these grooves match to form a spiral channel, and the ball can circulate and roll in the channel. When the screw rotates relative to the nut, the ball rotates on its own in the raceway, while also circulating in the closed raceway, causing axial motion between the screw and nut. Ball screws can be mainly divided into two categories: internal circulation and external circulation. External circulation can be further divided into end guide, tube circulation, and end cap type. When the external circulation ball screw moves, some of the balls do not come into contact with the screw, which has the advantages of simple process and easy manufacturing, but the disadvantage is low efficiency; When the internal circulation ball screw moves, the ball is always in contact with the screw, which is suitable for high-speed, high-sensitivity, and high stiffness scenarios, but the disadvantage is that it is difficult to process.

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